مجله پژوهش های کاربردی روانشناختی
سال نهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1397)

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Growth Mindset Intervention with Independent Learning Program on Academic Resilience of Underachievement Gifted Students. The method of this study was quasi-experimental from pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population consisted of all male students in the early high school of gifted students of Qazvin province in the academic year 2015-2016, among which the statistical sample was selected targeted and based on criteria of underachievement (39 students) and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (13 students in each group). The tools used in the research included Salehi's Academic Success Scale (2014) and Samuels & Woo's Academic Resilience Scale (2004). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance with repeated measuring). The results of the study showed that the scores of academic resilience of the experimental groups in both independent learning and growth mindset groups showed a significant change compared to the control group as well as lack of a significant difference between the two test groups compared to each other (P<05/0). Based on this, it is recommended to use the growth mindset intervention and independent learning to improve the resilience in underachievement gifted students.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of self-monitoring attention strategy on enhancement of attention and accuracy of reading in students with Down syndrome. For the purpose of this study, 3 girls with Down syndrome who were studying at one of the exceptional schools of Qom in academic year 2015-2016, were selected as the sample using purposive sampling. In this research, which is a single-subject and multi-line design with different subjects, in order to determine the amount of inattention behaviors, each participant was first carefully observed and their accurately measured and recorded. Then, during the intervention phase, each participant trains self- monitoring of attention strategy during the twelve sessions for 45 minutes. The behavior of these participants is also observed after the intervention phase in the follow-up sessions. Finally, the data analyzed by analyzing the visual diagrams and calculating the influence amount index. The results of the research show that the strategy of self-monitoring of attention increased the accuracy of all three participants.

Life skills are personal and social skills that kids and teenagers have to learn them so they can act effective and properly about themselves and other people and the whole community. The aim of present study was studying the effect of problem-based learning on life skills in seventh grade female students. For this purpose, the pre-test and post-test control group was used.24 eligible seventh grade female students were selected through sampling and they placed in two experimental and control group by random (each group contains of 12 students).data were collected by using standard questionnaire life skills. (Saatchi et al.1389). Problem-based learning was done in 8 sessions and every session was about 2 hours. The sessions were weekly and were done on the experimental group. For analyzing the data multivariate covariance was used. The results showed that problem-based learning is effective on life skills such as self-awareness, human relations; inter personal communication, problem solving and decision making, health and mental health, partnership and cooperation, and creative thinking. According to the results of study, problem-based learning can be a useful method for teenagers to deal with their problems in life

In the present study, the effect of emotions on risky decision making and behavioral inhibition was investigated. The method of study was experimental. The research sample consisted of 60 male students with different educational degrees in Tehran University who were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group (20 students in each group). In order to assess the risky decision-making and behavioral inhibition, two computerized tests, Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and Go/No-Go Task were used. Positive and negative emotions were induced via an emotion induction procedure into two experimental groups. The results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that different levels of independent variable including positive, negative and lack of emotion induction had a significant difference in both risky decision making and behavioral inhibition (p< 0.05). Generally, the results of the study showed that induction of positive emotions compared to negative emotions and the control group, significantly increases the risky decisions rate and reduces behavioral inhibition

The aim of this study was to investigate the experience of married women living with HIV/AIDS. For this purpose, using combination purposeful sampling method that combines sampling a mixed of several criterion sampling (married), and quota sampling (female), 14 women with HIV/AIDS were selected and individual semi-structured interviews respectively. Data analysis was carried out using the phenomenological method and coding texts of the interviews were conducted. According to the research findings, although all participants were infected with HIV perfectly justifiable (legitimate) reason, and in fact they were victims of their husbands, but experience stigma, discrimination, notorious and unfortunately, they were not treated fairly in society. They have faced challenges and difficulties in their lives and to solve problems and cope with challenges, different strategies are employed. Spirituality of the most important ways to cope that most of them acknowledged it. All women after becoming aware of her illness, had experienced, severe shock, anxiety, fear, disgust, sadness, depression, and isolation. The majority of these women have no hope for the future and meaning in their lives. It seems consulting solutions can be effective for increasing adjustment of women with HIV/AIDS with the new conditions of life and empower them.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment program based on Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) on behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorder. The research design was quasi experimental conducted with a control group of 27 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (3 to 7 years) at the rehabilitation centers in Tehran. The participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 15 and 12 people experimental or control group. The experimental group received 13 sessions of 60 minutes of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy as a group, twice a week. To collect data from questionnaire, Behavioral Problems as pre-test and post-test Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) were used in two groups. For statistical analysis, repeated measurement was used to comply with the assumptions. The results showed that Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) decreases the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Oppositional defiant disorder, conduct and separation anxiety and in reducing general anxiety, social anxiety, major depression, and continuous depression was not effective. Therefore, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) reduces the behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorder and can be used to reduce the adverse behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effect of sexism on marital satisfaction with mediating role of perceived fairness in married women employed in government offices in Ahvaz. The participants of the study were 200 married female teachers selected by multi-stage sampling method. The instruments used in this study consisted of Sexism Inventory(ASI), Measure Perceived Equity (MPE) and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Inventory (ENRICH). Data were analyzed using structural equation analysis. Results showed that proposed model had a good fitness. Regarding the path coefficients, direct and indirect routes of research were significant. The results obtained and the models presented in this study are discussed in terms of their therapeutic and educational implications.

The relationship of emotion and health is a fundamental role in the health psychology.  The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive role of self-control and mindfulness of mothers   in the regulation of emotions in children. The statistical population of the present study included all mothers of 9-12 year old children in Parsian city. A statistical population of 126parents and children was selected through available sampling method. Self-control (SC), mindfulness meager assessment (MMS) and Emotion- regulation checklist questionnaire (ERCQ) were used for gathering data. Pearson correlation and multivariate regression were used for analyzing the data. The results showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between self-management with emotional instability and the lack of fit of emotion-expressing position, as well as self-control with emotional flexibility. There is a direct and significant relationship between self-consciousness in adjusting emotions and the appropriateness of expressing excitement. In addition, regression results showed that the self-management variable in the same step could excite instability at 10% of variance, the lack of fit of the emotion expressing position of 10% of variance and emotional flexibility of 0.06% of variance Explaining Additionally, in the first step, he was able to explain consciousness in expressing emotions by 0.35% of variance. According to the fending this study, can suggested, training and intervention on improving self-control and mindfulness as an effective ways for increasing the emotion regulations child

Social problem solvingis a process that children are trying to find effective and adaptive solutions to issues that are encountered in everyday life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of problem-solving skills training on social problem solving of preschool student. A quasi-experimental design was a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with control group. 30 preschool students were selected by available sampling method. They were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The short version of the revised list social problem of D’Zurilla (2004) were used to measure social problem solving. The data were analyzed by repeated measurement analysis. The results of this study support the use of interpersonal problem solving. The results showed that problem solving skills training had a significant effect on decreasing negative orientation, avoidance problem solving style and impulsivity problem solving style and increasing the positive orientation and logic of problem solving style of preschool students (p <0.05). The results of the follow-up were similar. An interpersonal problem-solving program is proposed as an important framework for understanding and developing mental and social health in preschool children.